Bitter gourd seeds are large, flat, yellowish, and tortoise-shell-like, encased in a red, gelatinous pulp when mature; they are rich in protein, fiber, antioxidants (flavonoids), vitamins (A, C), minerals (iron, zinc, potassium) and are known for their medicinal properties, especially for blood sugar control, making them valuable for planting or nutritional use, requiring warmth and well-drained soil for germination.