Diabetes mellitus is a health condition where body’s glucose metabolism gets disturbed resulting in hyperglycemia or increased levels of glucose in circulating blood. The normal range of blood glucose in fasting is from 70 to 99 mg/dl . Persons having fasting blood glucose in the range 100 -125 mg/dl are considered as pre-diabetic which implies that they are predisposed to diabetes but are not diabetic.

Based upon the etiological mechanism Diabetes can be classified into Type 1 and Type 2 where the former results from the auto-immune destruction of insulin producing b – cells in the pancreas causing near total insulin deficiency. While in the latter i.e. in type 2 diabetes , the body develops resistance to the action of insulin and is incapable to produce sufficient insulin to overcome this resistence. Certain other forms of diabetes are now identified carrying the features of both type1 and type2 diabetes.